August 2012 Events in August 2012 http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7858/agilent-gc-troubleshooting-and-maintenance-2-day-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Agilent GC Troubleshooting & Maintenance 2-day course Event dates: 2 - 3 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This two-day course is designed for those who have responsibility for the preventative maintenance of the Agilent 6890 and 7890 Gas Chromatographs.<br/>Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7859/the-26th-annual-symposium-of-the-protein-society Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event The 26th Annual Symposium of The Protein Society Event dates: 5 - 8 August 2012<br/>Event summary: With 14 sessions over 3.5 days covering the most diverse and current topics in the field of protein science, The Protein Society meeting has become the "must-attend" event for the leaders and future<br/>Event Venue: Manchester Grand Hyatt, San Diego, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7860/absolute-basics-of-gc-and-gc-ms-1-day-training-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Absolute Basics of GC & GC-MS 1-day training course Event dates: 6 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The What? Why? Where? When? and How? of GC & GC-MS.<br/>Event Venue: to be confirmed, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7861/new-drug-product-development-and-lifecycle-management Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event New Drug Product Development and Lifecycle Management Event dates: 6 - 7 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This course explains the phases, major work streams, key players, and interrelationships necessary to develop new pharmaceuticals and to expand the lifecycle of in-line products, EVENT CODE:12423<br/>Event Venue: DIA, Horsham, 19044, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15896/antibody-drug-development Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Antibody Drug Development Event dates: 6 - 8 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This conference highlights innovations in antibody drug conjugates and empowered antibodies and bispecifics.<br/>Event Venue: The Westin San Francisco Market Street, San Francisco, CA, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15897/translating-biology-to-the-clinic Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Translating Biology to the Clinic Event dates: 6 - 8 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This conference highlights innovations in targeted next-generation sequencing and translational biology and technology.<br/>Event Venue: The Westin San Francisco Market Street, San Francisco, CA, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15898/diagnostic-development Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Diagnostic Development Event dates: 6 - 8 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This conference highlights innovations in companion Dx regulation and reimbursement and future clinical diagnostics.<br/>Event Venue: The Westin San Francisco Market Street, San Francisco, CA, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15899/clinical-biomarkers-and-cancer Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Clinical Biomarkers and Cancer Event dates: 6 - 8 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This conference highlights innovations in clinically relevant biomarkers and new frontiers in cancer.<br/>Event Venue: The Westin San Francisco Market Street, San Francisco, CA, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7862/gmp-for-phase-1-products-webinar-by-globalcompliancepanel Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event GMP for Phase 1 Products - Webinar By GlobalCompliancePanel Event dates: 7 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This presentation will cover the contents of the guidance that was given. FDA has issued as rule that relieves Phase 1 products from complying with the GMP given in 21 CFR 211. At the same time, the<br/>Event Venue: Online Training, Wilmington, 19801, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7863/ghent-bio-economy-s-first-international-summer-school Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Ghent Bio-Economy’s First International Summer School Event dates: 7 - 10 August 2012<br/>Event summary: In the ‘Ghent Bio-Economy’ summer school, a comprehensive and integrated overview of the bio-based economy will be presented by a number of world-leading experts, who will cover the complete process<br/>Event Venue: Ghent University’s Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Gent, 9000, Belgium http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7864/icnfa-2012-3rd-international-conference-on-nanotechnology-fundamentals-and-applications Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event ICNFA 2012: 3rd International Conference on Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications Event dates: 7 - 9 August 2012<br/>Event summary: ICNFA is a series of international conferences held yearly. These conferences focus on all aspects of Nanotechnology. The aim of ICNFA'12 is to bring together the Canadian and international communit<br/>Event Venue: McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7865/clinical-project-management-effective-clinical-trial-operations-planning-and-budgeting Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Clinical Project Management: Effective Clinical Trial Operations Planning and Budgeting Event dates: 8 - 10 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The course covers clinical project management from the planning stage through development, execution, and project close-down. EVENT CODE:12421<br/>Event Venue: DIA, Horsham, 19044, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7867/common-problems-with-software-validation-processes-webinar-by-globalcompliancepanel Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Common Problems with Software Validation Processes - Webinar By GlobalCompliancePanel Event dates: 9 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This webinar covers the fundamentals of 21 CFR Part 11, software validation, and computer system validation. It provides details for company compliance including GAMP, qualification, and validation.<br/>Event Venue: Online Training, Wilmington, 19801, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7868/pragmatic-approaches-to-drug-safety-across-the-premarketing-and-postmarketing-continuum Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Pragmatic Approaches to Drug Safety Across the Premarketing and Postmarketing Continuum Event dates: 13 - 15 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This is a basic- to intermediate-level overview course, intended for individuals who have at least some experience in clinical safety of biopharmaceutical products. EVENT CODE:12418<br/>Event Venue: DIA, Horsham, 19044, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7869/regulatory-affairs-part-i-and-ii-the-ind-and-nda-phases Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Regulatory Affairs Part I & II: The IND and NDA Phases Event dates: 13 - 16 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This blended learning opportunity features two archived online courses focusing on fundamental concepts, followed by a training course consisting of interactive lectures and hands-on workshops. EVE<br/>Event Venue: Hilton Boston Back Bay, Boston, 02115, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7870/hands-on-ptv-1-day-training-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Hands-on PTV 1-day training course Event dates: 13 August 2012<br/>Event summary: A hands-on course is a one-day course, mixing theory and hands-on practicals in a lab environment. A maximum of 4 delegates can attend to ensure the needs of every individual are met and half of you<br/>Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7871/xvi-brazilian-meeting-on-inorganic-chemistry Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event XVI Brazilian Meeting on Inorganic Chemistry Event dates: 13 - 17 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The BMIC occurs biannualy and is one of the most important events of the Brazilian Chemical Society. Contributions to all aspects of inorganic chemistry are welcome and they hope to inspire an <br/>Event Venue: Costao Do Santinho Resort, Brazil http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7872/hands-on-large-volume-injection-1-day-training-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Hands-on Large Volume Injection 1-day Training course Event dates: 14 August 2012<br/>Event summary: A hands-on course is a one-day course, mixing theory and hands-on practicals in a lab environment. A maximum of 4 delegates can attend to ensure the needs of every individual are met and half of you<br/>Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7875/hands-on-headspace-1-day-training-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Hands-on Headspace 1-day Training course Event dates: 15 August 2012<br/>Event summary: A hands-on course is a one-day course, mixing theory and hands-on practicals in a lab environment. A maximum of 4 delegates can attend to ensure the needs of every individual are met and half of you<br/>Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7876/icmem-2012-international-conference-on-mechanical-engineering-and-mechatronics Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event ICMEM 2012:International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics Event dates: 15 - 17 August 2012<br/>Event summary: ICMEM is a comprehensive conference covering all the various topics of Mechanical Engineering (Fluid and Solid Mechanics), Robotics, Aerospace, and Mechatronics. The conference website can be visit<br/>Event Venue: University of Ottawa, Montreal, Canada http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7877/hands-on-spme-and-sbse-1-day-training-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Hands-on SPME & SBSE 1-day training course Event dates: 16 August 2012<br/>Event summary: A hands-on course is a one-day course, mixing theory and hands-on practicals in a lab environment. A maximum of 4 delegates can attend to ensure the needs of every individual are met and half of you<br/>Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7878/hands-on-thermal-desorption-1-day-training-course Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Hands-on Thermal Desorption 1-day training course Event dates: 17 August 2012<br/>Event summary: A hands-on course is a one-day course, mixing theory and hands-on practicals in a lab environment. A maximum of 4 delegates can attend to ensure the needs of every individual are met and half of you<br/>Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7879/barnsole-vineyard-tour Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Barnsole Vineyard Tour Event dates: 18 August 2012<br/>Event summary: English wine is having a resurgence of popularity in recent years, winning prizes in international competitions, and a number of new vineyards have been planted. However, have you ever wondered wha<br/>Event Venue: Barnsole Vineyard, Canterbury, CT3 1LG, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7880/rsc-networking-lunch-and-optional-pre-lunch-walk Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ Networking Lunch & Optional Pre-Lunch Walk Event dates: 18 August 2012<br/>Event summary: Networking Lunch at the Black Bull, Frosterley, Weardale, 12:30 hrs and optional pre-lunch walk along Bollihope Burn to see Frosterley Marble in situ. After lunch there will be chance to look at th<br/>Event Venue: The Black Bull, Frosterley, Weardale, DL13 2SL, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7881/icsb-2012-international-conference-on-systems-biology Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event ICSB 2012 (International Conference on Systems Biology) Event dates: 19 - 23 August 2012<br/>Event summary: Including: next generation sequencing, synthetic biology, chemical biology, genomics, computerized tools/algorithms/modelling, protein-protein interactions.<br/>Event Venue: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7882/73rd-harden-machines-on-genes-ii-the-central-dogma-at-the-interface-of-biology-chemistry-and-physics Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event 73rd Harden - Machines on genes II - The central dogma at the interface of biology, chemistry and physics Event dates: 19 - 23 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The conference will cover topics in DNA replication, recombination, repair and transcription and will showcase the latest work of world leaders in the fields of structural biology, chemical biology <br/>Event Venue: St. Anne's College, Oxford, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7883/international-conference-and-exhibition-on-addiction-research-and-therapy Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event International Conference and Exhibition on Addiction Research & Therapy Event dates: 20 - 22 August 2012<br/>Event summary: Addiction Therapy-2012 is a remarkable event which brings together a unique and International mix of large and medium Addiction Research, Addiction Therapy and diagnostics companies, leading univers<br/>Event Venue: Renaissance Las Vegas Hotel, Las Vegas, 89169, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7884/bioprocess-international-china-2012 Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event BioProcess International China 2012 Event dates: 21 - 22 August 2012<br/>Event summary: China's Foremost Event on Bioprocessing and Manufacturing<br/>Event Venue: Grand Hyatt, Shanghai, Shanghai, China http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15900/icecs-2012-international-conference-on-electrical-and-computer-systems Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event ICECS 2012:International Conference on Electrical and Computer Systems Event dates: 22 - 24 August 2012<br/>Event summary: ICECS is a comprehensive conference covering all the various topics of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Computer Sciences and Engineering, and Information Technologies.<br/>Event Venue: University of Ottawa, Canada http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7885/from-south-to-north-in-swedish-theoretical-chemistry Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event From South to North in Swedish Theoretical Chemistry Event dates: 23 - 24 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The purpose of the STK annual meetings is to, apart from reporting on the past year's activities, foster a sense of collegiality among Swedish researchers in theoretical molecular sciences.<br/>Event Venue: Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7886/regulation-of-protein-trafficking-and-function-by-palmitoylation Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Regulation of protein trafficking and function by palmitoylation Event dates: 23 - 25 August 2012<br/>Event summary: <br/>Event Venue: St Anne's College, Oxford, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7887/4th-international-iupac-conference-on-green-chemistry Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event 4th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry Event dates: 25 - 29 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The organizers of the 4th ICGC invite researchers, educators, business representatives and policy experts from all over the world to participate in the most fundamental as well as innovative scienti<br/>Event Venue: Mabu Thermas & Resort, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15901/transcription-and-chromatin Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Transcription and Chromatin Event dates: 25 - 28 August 2012<br/>Event summary: For further information and to register please visit our website.<br/>Event Venue: EMBL Advanced Training Centre, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7888/4th-euchems-chemical-congress Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event 4th EuChems Chemical Congress Event dates: 26 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The Czech Chemical Society will be holding the 4th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress (4th Congress of the European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences), taking place in Prague, Czech Republic, <br/>Event Venue: Prague Congress Centre, Czech Republic http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7889/euroqsar-knowledge-enabling-ligand-design Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event EuroQSAR - Knowledge Enabling Ligand Design Event dates: 26 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The EuroQSAR Symposia have been taking place since 1973 and constitute major scientific events in the field of computational drug design, with further applications in agricultural and environmental <br/>Event Venue: University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7890/4th-euchems-chemistry-congress Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event 4th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress Event dates: 26 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: General congress on chemistry, continuation of a tradition from Budapest 2006, Torino 2008, Nurmberg 2010 with expected audience 2500+.<br/>Event Venue: Prague Congress Centre, Praha 4, 140 21, Czech Republic http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7891/eycn-making-chemistry-work-for-you Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event EYCN: Making Chemistry Work for You Event dates: 27 - 29 August 2012<br/>Event summary: From young chemists to young chemists. The contribution that EYCN has planed for the 4th EuCheMS Congress is distributed in two days in seven different blocks. Based on past experiences, the activit<br/>Event Venue: Prague Congress Centre, Praha, 414021, Czech Republic http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7892/annual-global-healthcare-conference Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Annual Global Healthcare Conference Event dates: 27 - 28 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The Annual Global Healthcare Conference (GHC 2012) is organized by Global Science and Technology Forum http://www.globalhc-conf.org/<br/>Event Venue: Hotel Fort Canning, Singapore, 178881, Singapore http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7893/12th-international-nutrition-and-diagnostics-conference-2012 Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event 12th International Nutrition & Diagnostics Conference 2012 Event dates: 27 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The mission of the INDC is to increase our understanding of the effects of common food on long term health, performance, mental and physical fitness. To achieve this goal, we need to gain insight<br/>Event Venue: Charles University, Prague, 110 00, Czech Republic http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7894/international-conference-on-pulmonary-and-respiratory-medicine Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event International Conference on Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Event dates: 27 - 29 August 2012<br/>Event summary: Respiratory Medicine-2012 is a remarkable event which brings together a unique and International mix of large and medium companies emerging in the field of Pulmonary & Respiratory medicine its thera<br/>Event Venue: Philadelphia Center City, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7895/big-data-implications-and-opportunities-for-healthcare Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Big Data - Implications and Opportunities for Healthcare Event dates: 27 - 29 August 2012<br/>Event summary: Big Data – Implications and Opportunities for Healthcare will provide insight into technology that enables researchers and doctors alike to use big data technology in a significant and strategic man<br/>Event Venue: Boston, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7896/university-taster-day-belfast Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event University Taster Day, Belfast Event dates: 27 August 2012<br/>Event summary: This is a ChemNet event for students aged 16-18, a taster day for students thinking of studying Chemistry at Queens University Belfast. Students will be able to see around the campus, check out the <br/>Event Venue: Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7897/chemnet-schools-lecture-shedding-light-on-the-past-chemistry-in-the-museum °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event ChemNet Schools' Lecture: Shedding Light on the Past - Chemistry in the Museum Event dates: 28 August 2012<br/>Event summary: Dr Anita Quye, University of Glasgow, discusses her career in chemistry and her current work on analysis of historical and archaeological artefacts.<br/>Event Venue: University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15902/icepr-2012-2nd-international-conference-on-environmental-pollution-and-remediation Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event ICEPR 2012:2nd International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation Event dates: 28 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: ICEPR is a series of international conferences held yearly. These conferences focus on all aspects of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology.<br/>Event Venue: McGill University, Canada http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/15903/eagle-ford-product-markets-and-midstream-capacity-2012 Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Eagle Ford Product Markets & Midstream Capacity 2012 Event dates: 29 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The mission of the Eagle Ford Product Markets & Midstream Capacity 2012 is, for the second year running, to bring together E&P, midstream and downstream companies to examine new market opportunities<br/>Event Venue: JW Marriott Houston, Houston, TX, United States http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7898/universities-of-scotland-inorganic-chemistry-conference-2012 Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Universities of Scotland Inorganic Chemistry Conference 2012 Event dates: 29 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The Universities of Scotland Inorganic Chemistry Conference (USIC) is designed to bring together chemistry PhD students from all Scottish Universities as well as Newcastle and Durham. The USIC 2012 <br/>Event Venue: University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7899/plants-as-providers-of-fine-chemicals-conference-2012 Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Plants as Providers of Fine Chemicals Conference 2012 Event dates: 29 - 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: The School of Chemistry, Bangor University is again hosting its unique conference which brings together academics experts and industry professionals from the world of plant chemistry. The organiser<br/>Event Venue: Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7900/12th-annual-rsc-fluorine-subject-group-postgraduate-meeting Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event 12th Annual °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ Fluorine Subject Group Postgraduate Meeting Event dates: 30 - 31 August 2012<br/>Event summary: <br/>Event Venue: University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7901/variety-in-chemistry-education Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Variety in Chemistry Education Event dates: 30 - 31 August 2012<br/>Event summary: An opportunity to share ideas and practice: this year held jointly with the Physics Higher Education Conference. A mix of subject-specific sessions and interdisciplinary sessions, workshops, oral pr<br/>Event Venue: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5AY, United Kingdom http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/7902/annual-general-meeting-tertiary-education-group Non °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±¼Ç¼ event Annual General Meeting, Tertiary Education Group Event dates: 30 August 2012<br/>Event summary: AGM to elect committee members and officers, and receive report of the year's activities. Volunteers for committee and/or officers are welcome.<br/>Event Venue: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5AY, United Kingdom